雅思寫作任務2-問題類型和答案模型

請注意，本講義是關於“雅思問題類型”，而不是“雅思作文類型”。 這是因為在雅思寫作測驗的任務 2 中確實只有一種類型的文章：推論性文章。 在推論性文章中，你被要求就特定問題提出並支持你的觀點。 所有的雅思作文都要求你這樣做。 問題類型只是用不同方法讓你這樣做。

雅思考試中出現的主要問題類型有5種：

1. Two Sided Discussion 雙面討論
2. Agree or Disagree 同意或不同意
3. Advantages and Disadvantages 優點和缺點
4. Problems and Solutions 問題與解決方案
5. Direct Questions 直接提問

1. 雙面討論

在雙面討論文章中，你會看到關於一個問題的兩種不同觀點。 這些不一定是對立的觀點，只是不同的觀點。

Example

Some people say History is one of the most important school subjects. Other people think that, in today’s world, subjects like Science and Technology are more important than History. Discuss both these views and give your own opinion.

任務

你需要做兩件事：

• Present the reasons for each view 提出每種觀點的理由
• Present your own view 提出自己的觀點

換句話說，你需要提供客觀討論和個人意見的結合。其次，你需要提出你自己的觀點。 你的意見。 你需要說出你的想法。

架構

在雙面討論中，按以下方式組織你的回答：

Paragraph 1: introduce essay

Paragraph 2: present the reasons for the 1st view

Paragraph 3: present the reasons for the 2nd view

Paragraph 4: present your opinion

2. 同意或不同意

下一個問題類型是同意或不同意的文章。 這種題型給你一個意見，你需要說明你是否同意。

Example

Some people believe that nowadays we have too many choices. To what extent do you agree or disagree with this statement?

任務

問題要求你做什麼？ 你被要求解釋你同意或不同意該陳述的程度。 換句話說，你在多大程度上同意或不同意該陳述。

架構

4 段架構如下所示：

Paragraph 1: introduce essay and briefly state your views

Paragraph 2: give a 1st reason for your view

Paragraph 3: give a 2nd reason for your view

Paragraph 4: summarise your views.

3.優點和缺點

第三種題型是優缺點作文。 在這種問題中，通常會給你一個關於發展或情況的陳述，並要求你討論它的優點和缺點。

Example:

At the present time, the population of some countries includes a relatively large number of young adults, compared with the number of older people. Do the advantages of this situation outweigh the disadvantages?

任務

如果你認為優點比缺點更重要，則需要進行解釋。

架構

4 段架構如下所示：

Paragraph 1: Introduction

Paragraph 2: Discuss what you think are the advantages

Paragraph 3: Discuss what you think are the disadvantages

Paragraph 4  Explain if you think the advantages outweigh the disadvantages

This structure is very similar to a ‘two sided discussion’ question, because you are essentially being asked to discuss 2 sides of the issue: the advantages and the disadvantages.

這種架構與“雙面討論”問題非常相似，因為基本上要求你討論問題的兩個方面：優勢和劣勢。

考試提示：

通常，“advantages”和“disadvantages”這兩個詞會更換。 最常見的替代措辭是“benefits”（而不是“advantages”）和“drawbacks”（而不是“disadvantages”）。 你可能還會遇到“positive or negative development”這句短語。儘管措辭不同，但任務仍然相同。

4. 問題及解決方案

你會得到一個關於問題的陳述，你必須通過更詳細地討論問題以及一些可能的解決方案來做出回應。

Example 1

Global warming is one of the biggest threats humans face in the 21st Century. What problems are associated with this and what are some possible solutions?

Example 2

In some countries the average weight of people is increasing and their levels of health and fitness are decreasing. What do you think are the causes of these problems and what measures could be taken to solve them?

任務 

你必須非常仔細地閱讀問題解決類型的論文題目，因為上面的問題並不是要你討論問題； 它要求你討論問題的原因及其解決方案。

架構

這是問題/解決方案論文的簡單架構：

Paragraph 1: introduction

Paragraph 2: discuss 2 problems

Paragraph 3: discuss 2 solutions

Paragraph 4: summarise your ideas.

考試提示：

這些類型的問題可以用多種方式來表達。 以下是一些常見示例：

• What problems are associated with this and what are some possible solutions.
• What difficulties does this cause? What can we do to tackle this problem?
• What do you think are the causes of these problems and what measures could be taken to solve them?
• Why is this the case? What can be done about this problem?

5. 直接提問

最後，你有時可能會遇到一個不容易歸入上述類別之一的問題。 你將收到一份陳述，並會被問到關於它的一兩個問題。

Example

Car ownership has increased so rapidly over the past thirty years that many cities in the world are now ‘one big traffic jam’. How true do you think this statement is? What measures can governments take to discourage people from using their cars?

任務

第一個問題是問你是否同意以及同意多少（“how true”），所以它類似於“你在多大程度上同意”的問題。 第二個問題是問你關於城市堵車問題的“措施”，也就是“solutions”。

架構

遵循這樣一個簡單的結構：

Paragraph 1: introduce the essay

Paragraph 2: discuss your answer to the 1st question

Paragraph 3: discuss your answer to the 2nd question

Paragraph 4: summarise your ideas.